锌是人体必需微量元素之一，对生长发育、免疫、神经功能和生殖都极为重要。在DNA合成、RNA转录、细胞分裂和活化以及防止细胞凋亡中，锌担任了不可替代的角色。
读过《百年孤独》的小伙伴可能都会对Rebeca有印象，一个抗拒正常饮食的小女孩。关于这个人物的灵感来源，马尔克斯曾提到自己的妹妹Margot儿时就喜欢吃土。抛开魔幻的写作手法，在现实生活中，我们的身边确实存在这么一个被称为 异食癖 的群体。
书中Rebeca的异食癖可能由于心理失常引起，而缺锌或缺铁性贫血也可能是病因。
锌是人体必需微量元素之一，对生长发育、免疫、神经功能和生殖都极为重要。在DNA合成、RNA转录、细胞分裂和活化以及防止细胞凋亡中，锌担任了不可替代的角色。
锌缺乏还会引起胃肠道疾患；对味觉系统也有不良的影响，可导致味觉迟钝；使免疫功能减退等。
当摄入锌过量时，可能引发人体代谢紊乱，会抑制铁的吸收和利用，引起缺铁性贫血；而过高的血锌会导致人体抵抗力下降，容易引起细菌的侵袭。严重者则锌中毒，出现恶心、吐泻、发热等症状，甚至造成急性肾功能衰竭。
富含锌的食物来源包括动物肝脏、贝壳、牡蛎、鲱鱼、瘦肉、蛋、可可、奶制品、坚果、大豆制品、糙米等。
由于锌的吸收利用率不同，相比蔬果类，动物性食物含锌更丰富且吸收率高。
3.儿童期保证合理膳食，不要挑食、偏食，贝壳类海产品、红色肉类、部分坚果等都是锌的良好来源。
- 口服锌补充剂需在医生或营养师的指导下进行，否则可能会因补充过量造成不良影响。
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, 2019.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/others/
https://www.who.int/elena/titles/zinc_stunting/en/
https://www.who.int/elena/titles/zinc_pregnancy/en/
Black R.E., Victora C.G., Walker S.P., Bhutta Z.A., Christian P., de Onis M., Ezzati M., Grantham-McGregor S., Katz J., Martorell R., et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382:427 451. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X.
Grieger J.A., Clifton V.L. A review of the impact of dietary intakes in human pregnancy on infant birthweight. Nutrients. 2015;7:153 178. doi: 10.3390/nu7010153.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. Joint child malnutrition estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank. Global database on child growth and malnutrition. Estimated prevalence of stunted children preschool children with 95% confidence intervals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
Ramakrishnan U, Nguyen P, Martorell R. Effects of micronutrients on growth of children under 5 y of age: meta-analyses of single and multiple nutrient interventions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009; 89:191 203.
Prasad AS. Discovery of human zinc deficiency and studies in an experimental human model. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1991; 53:403-12.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002; 75:1062-1071.
Friis H, Ndhlovu P, Mduluza T, Kaondera K, Sandstr m B, Michaelsen KF, et al. The impact of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition: a randomized, controlled trial among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1997; 51:38-45.
de Benoist B, Darnton-Hill I, Davidsson L, Fontaine O, Hotz C. Conclusions of the Joint Report WHO/UNICEF/IAEA/IZINCG Interagency meeting on zinc status indicators: foreword. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2007; 28:S480-484.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Baker SK, Hess SY. Preventive zinc supplementation among infants, preschoolers, and older prepubertal children. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2009; 30:(Suppl 1):S12-36.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, 2019.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/others/
https://www.who.int/elena/titles/zinc_stunting/en/
https://www.who.int/elena/titles/zinc_pregnancy/en/
Black R.E., Victora C.G., Walker S.P., Bhutta Z.A., Christian P., de Onis M., Ezzati M., Grantham-McGregor S., Katz J., Martorell R., et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382:427 451. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X.
Grieger J.A., Clifton V.L. A review of the impact of dietary intakes in human pregnancy on infant birthweight. Nutrients. 2015;7:153 178. doi: 10.3390/nu7010153.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. Joint child malnutrition estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank. Global database on child growth and malnutrition. Estimated prevalence of stunted children preschool children with 95% confidence intervals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
Ramakrishnan U, Nguyen P, Martorell R. Effects of micronutrients on growth of children under 5 y of age: meta-analyses of single and multiple nutrient interventions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009; 89:191 203.
Prasad AS. Discovery of human zinc deficiency and studies in an experimental human model. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1991; 53:403-12.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002; 75:1062-1071.
Friis H, Ndhlovu P, Mduluza T, Kaondera K, Sandstr m B, Michaelsen KF, et al. The impact of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition: a randomized, controlled trial among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1997; 51:38-45.
de Benoist B, Darnton-Hill I, Davidsson L, Fontaine O, Hotz C. Conclusions of the Joint Report WHO/UNICEF/IAEA/IZINCG Interagency meeting on zinc status indicators: foreword. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2007; 28:S480-484.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Baker SK, Hess SY. Preventive zinc supplementation among infants, preschoolers, and older prepubertal children. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2009; 30:(Suppl 1):S12-36.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, 2019.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/others/
https://www.who.int/elena/titles/zinc_stunting/en/
https://www.who.int/elena/titles/zinc_pregnancy/en/
Black R.E., Victora C.G., Walker S.P., Bhutta Z.A., Christian P., de Onis M., Ezzati M., Grantham-McGregor S., Katz J., Martorell R., et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382:427 451. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X.
Grieger J.A., Clifton V.L. A review of the impact of dietary intakes in human pregnancy on infant birthweight. Nutrients. 2015;7:153 178. doi: 10.3390/nu7010153.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank. Levels and trends in child malnutrition. Joint child malnutrition estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank. Global database on child growth and malnutrition. Estimated prevalence of stunted children preschool children with 95% confidence intervals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
Ramakrishnan U, Nguyen P, Martorell R. Effects of micronutrients on growth of children under 5 y of age: meta-analyses of single and multiple nutrient interventions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009; 89:191 203.
Prasad AS. Discovery of human zinc deficiency and studies in an experimental human model. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1991; 53:403-12.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002; 75:1062-1071.
Friis H, Ndhlovu P, Mduluza T, Kaondera K, Sandstr m B, Michaelsen KF, et al. The impact of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition: a randomized, controlled trial among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1997; 51:38-45.
de Benoist B, Darnton-Hill I, Davidsson L, Fontaine O, Hotz C. Conclusions of the Joint Report WHO/UNICEF/IAEA/IZINCG Interagency meeting on zinc status indicators: foreword. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2007; 28:S480-484.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Baker SK, Hess SY. Preventive zinc supplementation among infants, preschoolers, and older prepubertal children. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2009; 30:(Suppl 1):S12-36.
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