还有一个原因是酒精会引起皮质醇升高,睾酮降低。皮质醇高会分解肌肉组织,引起血糖上升;睾酮低会抑制脂肪分解。在这两者的配合下,更容易导致身体中部肥胖。
The brain chemistry that drives the addict to seek pleasure beyond the point of satiety is similar, whether the user favours Jack Daniels or Jack-in-the-Box.
驱动成瘾者寻求超乎寻常的快感的大脑化学反应是类似的,不管成瘾者热爱的是 Jack Daniels 还是 Jack-in-the-Box。
*Jack Daniels 美国著名威士忌品牌
Jack-in-the-Box 美国著名快餐连锁
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神经科学研究表明:
无论是糖,酒精,尼古丁,可卡因,色情,赌博等等,
大脑的「奖励系统」都是相同的。
所有享乐物质、所有享乐行为都通过完全相同的多巴胺通路发挥作用【4】。
更 X 蛋的是,还有一种机制叫做 成瘾转移 ,也叫成瘾相互作用障碍【5】。
比如,许多嗜吃甜食的人比常人有更大的概率酗酒。
参考文献
1.Lai, C. L. et al. Dominance of the inactive Asian variant over activity and protein contents of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in human liver. Alcohol.Clin. Exp. Res. 38, 44 50 (2014).
2.https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa72/aa72.htm
3.https://greenfieldfitnesssystems.com/article-archive/how-alcohol-makes-you-fat/
4.https://www.dietdoctor.com/low-carb/keto/alcohol
5.Robert Holman Coombs, Book: Handbook of Addictive Disorders: A Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment , 2004
6.Volkow ND, et al., Neurochemical and metabolic effects of acute and chronic alcohol in the human brain: Studies with positron emission tomography , Neuropharmacology. 2017 Aug 1;122:175-188
7.http://caloriesproper.com/alcohol-on-keto/
8.Salem RO, et al., Fatty acid ethyl esters in liver and adipose tissues as postmortem markers for ethanol intake , Clin Chem. 2001 Apr;47(4):722-5.
9.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/diet-physical-activity/alcohol-use-and-cancer.html
10.Schwarzinger M, et al., Contribution of alcohol use disorders to the burden of dementia in France 2008-13: a nationwide retrospective cohort study , Lancet Public Health. 2018 Mar;3(3):e124-e132.
11.Topiwala A, Allan C L, Valkanova V, et al. Moderate alcohol consumption as a risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study[J]. 2017.
12.Gr nbaek M, et al., Type of alcohol consumed and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cancer , Ann Intern Med. 2000 Sep 19;133(6):411-9
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